The scope of the papers is summarized and dimensions of language attrition research is briefly discussed. This prediction is probably the most intuitively and immediately obvious assumption with respect to language attrition. The following viewsopinions by various sociolinguists also help in better understanding of the nature of sociolinguistics. This volume provides a stateoftheart treatment of research on language attrition, the nonpathological loss of a language through lack of exposure. The first handbook dedicated to research into language attrition. German version german speakers in canada, constructed by monika s. The focus is on the american urban situation, especially as it relates to poor black children. The new language is adopted as a result of contact with another language community, and so it is usually possible to identify the new language as the same as, that is, a descendant of, a language spoken somewhere else, even if the new language has some new, perhaps unprecedented, properties on the lips of the population that is adopting it. Whereas dialect refers to a variation of a language that is characteristic of the users of that language, register refers to a variation of a language that is determined by usea situation or context. The sociolinguistic and personal background data on factors such as age at migration, length of residence, amount of l1 use in daily life, attitudes towards the l1l2 and the associated cultures by means of a version of the sociolinguistic questionnaire sq you can find on this site need to be treated and coded with a great amount of thought and care. Language attrition the handbook of applied linguistics. Codeswitching and language attrition codeswitching has been established as one of the most dominant features of bilingual behaviour in language contact situation worldwide gumperz, 1971, 1982. The relevance of sociolinguistics for language teaching. Schmid language attrition describes the loss of, or changes to, grammatical and other features of a language as a result of declining use by speakers who have changed their linguistic environment and language habits.
Multilingual communication and language acquisition. Drawing on his expertise in first and secondlanguage acquisition, he has written several articles on the conditions that must be met if endangered languages are to be learned and maintained. Language attrition the handbook of applied linguistics wiley online library. In their more ambitious versions, these courses also offer a. In this paper the author provides a brief overview of some of the ways in which recent sociolinguistic research is contributing to our knowledge of language teaching. Extralinguistic aspects of language attrition 69 6. It may be on a personal or familial level, which is often the case with immigrant communities in the united states, or the.
The growing interest in language attrition over the past twentyfive years cannot be explained solely on the basis of the fact that most of us are in one way or another affected by the phenomenon. Crosslinguistic influence and the mental lexicon 18 4. Language attrition is the process of losing a native, or first, language. Attrition is most severe where the two language systems have similarities 5. Department of applied language studies and linguistics the university of auckland this paper examines psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic variables that may influence first language l1 attritioni. Suresh canagarajah pennsylvania state university adrian j. It also familiarizes the reader with experimental approaches to attrition and data analysis techniques and provides handson guidelines on how to apply them.
An introduction to sociolinguistics ronald wardhaugh. You can find a template spss file which tells you how to code the. Papers are presented on the loss of language skills by those who have studied and then discontinued the use of a second language. Get free language attrition key topics in sociolinguistics ggda system or in certain properties. Users will be inspired by the breadth and sweep of meyerhoffs treatment. These include links with qualitative methods for studying language variation and the use of variable data to illuminate studies of language contact. At the crossroads of psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics. Language and culture studies wonderland through the linguistic looking glass 3 parative and examine the ways different cultures and languages represent, organize and express thought, knowledge and emotion, discussing topics that range from the culturally specific to the universal. Because of the increasing usage of the english language at the global level, its divergence has manifested an interest in many kinds of english language teaching and learning. Attrition and the structure of language 47 part ii.
The impact of age and attitude on language loss by christian david zeitz first language attrition l1 studies are a comparably young and theoretically unspecified field of research in bilingualism. Language attrition describes the loss of, or changes to, grammatical and other features of a language as a result of declining use by speakers who have changed their linguistic environment and language habits. Between the speakers of any language there is variation in the way that they use their language. This course is designed to provide students with a course in the issues surrounding the field of sociolinguistics. The terminology of language loss page 3 l1 influence on l2 in second language acquisition 4 l2 influence on l1 in l1 attrition 5 a schematic representation of compound and coordinate bilingualism 14 an integrated view of crosslinguistic influence in bilingualism 15 a schematic representation of borrowing 27 a schematic representation of. Quantitative analyses in a multivariate study of language attrition. The description of endangered languages is an urgent task for various reasons. A subsection of this area is anthropological linguistics which is.
In such a situation there may, for example, be simplification in the tense system or in certain properties of subordinate clauses. For comparison, lennenbergs monograph biological foundations of. Sociolinguistics of the spanishspeaking world annual. It provides authoritative treatment of all important aspects of the languages spoken in china, today and in the past, from many different. Project muse language obsolescence and revitalization. Provides a detailed and uptodate introduction to the way in which language attrition can affect language, as well as to the extra and sociolinguistic features involved. Mar 16, 2019 language planning and policy arise out of sociopolitical situations where, for example, speakers of various languages compete for resources or where a particular linguistic minority is denied access to basic rights. Ronald wardhaugh introduction to sociolinguistics fifth edition 5. The routledge handbook of sociolinguistics around the world. Language attrition can be defined as a reduction, weakening or loss of a first, second, third, or more language in an individual person or in a community. The routledge handbook of sociolinguistics around the world drawing on examples from a wide range of languages and social settings, the routledge handbook of sociolinguistics around the world is the rst singlevolume collection surveying current and recent research trends in international sociolinguistics. Rapid and multifaceted effects of second language learning on first language speech production. Compared to research on language acquisition, research on the maintenance and loss of language skills is a relatively recent development. Perceived foreign accent in l1 attrition and l2 acquisition.
First language attrition l1 studies are a comparably young and theoretically unspecified field of research in bilingualism. Effects ofshorttermenvironment change on language attrition. Some have suggested that while the main focus of sociolinguistics is on language variation in different social contexts, the other terms imply an emphasis on behavior and context from a linguistic perspective. Schmid language attrition describes the loss of, or changes to, grammatical and other features of a language as a result of declining use by speakers who have. For help with downloading a wikipedia page as a pdf, see help. This website is intended to be a source of information about the process of forgetting a native language in immigrants and bilinguals a linguistic development called first language attrition. This book provides a detailed and uptodate introduction to the way in which language attrition can affect language, as well as to the extra and sociolinguistic features involved. Language revitalization linguistics oxford bibliographies. One of the greatest deterrents to describing such situation has been our lack of tools and frameworks for studies. Fuller 2015, wileyblackwell, isbn 9781118732298 zeinab kafi1a, khalil motallebzadeh2a 1.
We are all dialect speakers and we all have accents. Introduction hose who have ever tried to read something of an academic character about the role of culture and language, would hardly deny the deep rooted and. Individual phonological attrition in albanianenglish late bilinguals hopp, h. This variation is demonstrated by linguistic differences in terms of sound phonetics and structure grammar. Young, because the first scientifically acclaimed, related article, andersens determining the linguistic attributes of language attrition, was only published in 1982. The nkpor igbo dialect situation when speakers of two or more languages come into contact, the sociolinguistic implications of the contact situation are. Language variation 2 if you take a look at a dialect atlas of england,2 you will find that roughly, the word child is used in southern england and in midland, while bairn is used in northern england. This is a wikipedia book, a collection of wikipedia articles that can be easily saved, imported by an external electronic rendering service, and ordered as a printed book. If two migrants who had left their home country at a similar age and lived in migration for a similar length of time show differences with respect to the degree of erosion and l2. This process is generally caused by both isolation from speakers of the first language l1 and the acquisition and use of a second language l2, which interferes with the correct production and comprehension of the first. Adopts an interdisciplinary approach with insights from theoretical linguistics, psycho and neurolinguistics, and sociolinguistics. Schmid defining language attrition groningen where there is little or no contact with other speakers of the language like urban myths, such. Judgements, preferences and views about these dialects and accents are social.
Court interpreters act of 1978, which provides an interpreter to any victim, witne. An issue of major importance to heritage language communities is language loss. The study of language attrition, whether it is concerned with first or second languages, focuses on the effects resulting from an individuals reduced use of the attrited language. These questionnaires have been used widely in language attrition, they are available in a number of languages. The encyclopedia of chinese language and linguistics offers a systematic and comprehensive overview of the languages of china and the different ways in which they are and have been studied. The central point of this chapter is that language revitalization is possible only if it is possible to create or maintain the conditions under which language acquisition can take place. For example, hinton 2011 is just one of several chapters in austin and sallabank 2011 in which responses to language endangerment are discussed. Phonetic attrition, that is changes in native speech upon acquisition of a second language or dialect post adolescence, reflects malleability of the native language system, with potential trickle down effects initially evidenced in phonological attrition. Processes of creole formation and related contactinduced language change 3 journal of language contact thema 2 2008. Obviously, a first language l1 can intermittently come into abandonment or undergo attrition during childhood of human development processes. William ogrady william ogrady is professor of linguistics at the university of hawaii at manoa. Our books collection saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to. Language and society sociolinguistics and the sociology of language methodological concerns overview further reading part i languages and communities 23. For labov language and social context are two separate entities and sociolinguistics correlates linguistic facts.
Examining a range of studies into segmental and prosodic attrition, this chapter discusses phonetic attrition as it occurs in native. The oxford handbook of language attrition edited by monika s. This division in affiliation impacted very heavily on the methods of data elicitation, testing, and analysis used by the two. Citing literature the encyclopedia of applied linguistics. With these new developments in english, come many difficulties associated. Sociolinguistics focuses on language use, that is, on what can be said in a particular language, by whom, to whom, in whose presence, when and where, in what manner and under what social circumstances. Sociolinguistics and language teaching, chapter 6, 3 week 12, nov.
The oxford handbook of language attrition monika s. Sociolinguistics continued 40 general works study and teaching. Sociolinguistics and the study of variation and change when you start to study any language, it immediately becomes clear that it contains a. Introducing sociolinguistics here is a welcome introduction to sociolinguistics by a leading researcher in the. William labov, university of pennsylvania, usa miriam meyerhoffs entertaining volume revels in the diversity that is the cornerstone.
There might be only slight variations between forms of a language such as minor pronunciations of words or a slight changes of grammatical structure that do not inhibit. Sociolinguistics in language teaching fall 2016 overview. We acknowledge many recent advances and the abundant research on several classic topics, such as phonology, morphosyntax, and discoursepragmatics. The topic of language revitalization is by now also included in many handbooks and other reference works in linguistics, education language teaching, bilingualism, ethnicity, and so on. Introduction models and theories linguistic levels sociolinguistic factors what is language attrition. Pdf language attitudes and sociolinguistic behaviour. First language attrition in german jewish refugees of the.
Language attrition key topics in sociolinguistics pdf. Report of the thirteenth annual round table meeting on linguistics and language studies washington. Schmid 2011 cambridge, cambridge university press download pdf. The area of language and society sociolinguistics is intended to show how our use of language is governed by such factors as class, gender, race, etc. Wurr university of idaho abstract in this article, we outline the differences between a monolingual and multilingual orientation to language and language acquisition. Sociolinguistics aims to pinpoint the ways a person learning a second language is affected by this diversity. Language is both a system of communication between individuals and a social phenomenon. Language attrition ahlsen major reference works wiley. I am extremely grateful to amber nota and her terrific eye for detail, for ensuring consistency of the numbering of questions and formatting matters.
Pdf key topics in sociolinguistics attitudes to language. Michael kenstowicz phonology in generative grammar 8. Language attrition key topics in sociolinguistics ggda. The sociology and the social psychology of language are, like sociolinguistics, concerned with the intertwining of language and society. First, every language expresses thoughts and ideas in unique ways, both grammatically and semantically. There is, of course, a longstanding sociolinguistic tradition of research on language shift, but work in the field of attrition really started in the us in the late 1970s lambert and freed 1982. First language attrition in german jewish refugees of the nazi dictatorship. The analysis of the validity and reliability results indicate that langattmini scale is a useful and appropriate reference tool for further research on childrens attitudes towards different. Attrition is most severe the more different the two language systems are 6.